Small-root turnips · roots
Direct sow. Grow spring or fall turnips, not rutabagas; steady moisture helps preserve root quality.
Turnips to summer chard
Finish a root crop completely before replacing it with repeat-cut leaves.
Lift remaining turnips and remove old roots. Re-mark larger chard cells rather than reusing the root spacing.
How to use this plan
Change from root spacing to a persistent leaf crop.
- Check your starting point Count turnips still in the ground and check whether larger chard cells can be marked.
- Choose the next action Clear roots before transplanting or sowing the next crop into that space.
- Carry out the plan Finish root harvest, remove old roots, mark chard positions and track outer-leaf cuts later in the season.
- Keep a useful record A density-changing phase map and a root-to-leaf harvest record.
If conditions change
- Chard is sown at the old turnip density. Thin promptly to the recalculated chard positions and retain only the strongest plants.
Your next step
Direct sow · Small-root turnips
2027-04-03 to 2027-04-17. Check local conditions first.
128 → 32target positions
23 bags40 L · after inventory
Print includes your layout, quantities, sources and the full season. Choose Save as PDF in your browser print dialog.
Your plan, ready to grow
Example dates4 × 8 ft (121.9 × 243.8 cm) · 12 in (30.5 cm) fill depth · 5 hours of sun · Start · Last spring frost
128 → 32target positions by phase
906.1 Lusable fill volume
23 bags40 L each · after inventory
32 weeksyour seasonal care plan
Planting layout
Top view · orient tall crops away from the sun-facing edge.
Phase 1 · 128 positions
Phase 2 · 32 positions
| Zone / crop | Positions | Spacing | Season requirement |
|---|---|---|---|
| roots · Small-root turnips | 1281 planting batch | 6 × 6 in152.4 × 152.4 mm | 282 seeds128 seasonal target positions |
| leaves · Swiss chardPhase 2 | 321 planting batch | 12 × 12 in304.8 × 304.8 mm | 71 seeds32 seasonal target positions |
Square bed spacing is the selected compact planting method. Container spacing describes root positions; foliage may spread beyond the pot. Seed quantities include 10% spare, with 2 small seeds per target and one bean seed per target. Follow cultivar packets if their spacing or sowing instructions differ.
Planting windows
Soil and weather decide the actual planting day.
Swiss chard · leaves
Direct sow. Plant when soil is workable and not waterlogged; follow packet temperature guidance. Clear the preceding crop completely first.
Complete first: roots-1-clear.From planting to clearing
Season length not yet checked. Add your first fall frost to check maturity.
These are planning windows. Record what actually happens in your season journal; clear the space before starting the next crop.
roots · Small-root turnipsPhase 1 · batch 1
- Sow2027-04-03 to 2027-04-17
Grow spring or fall turnips, not rutabagas; steady moisture helps preserve root quality. Plant only when the seed packet and local weather conditions agree.
- Seedlings2027-04-07 to 2027-04-27
Thin early to marked positions and keep the surface open for seedlings. Thin toward 128 positions at 152 × 152 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
- Tend2027-04-10 to 2027-06-15
Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- Harvest check2027-05-18 to 2027-06-30
Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
- Clear / review2027-07-03 to 2027-07-03
Remove spent plants and check the soil before a successor starts. 14 harvest days and 3 clearing days are planning allowances; actual crop condition decides the changeover. Record actual harvests or losses. Keep healthy perennial clumps if you are not reusing their space; revise the next planting accordingly.
leaves · Swiss chardPhase 2 · batch 1
- Sow2027-07-04 to 2027-07-04
Plant when soil is workable and not waterlogged; follow packet temperature guidance. Clear the preceding crop completely first. Plant only when the seed packet and local weather conditions agree.
- Seedlings2027-07-11 to 2027-07-18
Thin multi-seed clusters to the selected target plants after true leaves develop. Thin toward 32 positions at 305 × 305 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
- Tend2027-07-11 to 2027-09-01
Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- Harvest check2027-08-13 to 2027-10-28
Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
- Clear / review2027-11-04 to 2027-11-04
Remove spent plants and check the soil before a successor starts. 56 harvest days and 7 clearing days are planning allowances; actual crop condition decides the changeover. Record actual harvests or losses. Keep healthy perennial clumps if you are not reusing their space; revise the next planting accordingly.
What to buy
Owned items are deducted before buying.
| Supply | Required | Already owned | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raised-bed growing mix | 906.1 L | 0 L | 23 × 40 L bags |
| Position labels (reuse after a crop clears) | 128 each | 0 each | 128 each |
| Measuring tool | 1 each | 0 each | 1 each |
| Gentle watering tool | 1 each | 0 each | 1 each |
| Small-root turnips · roots | 282 seeds | 0 seeds | 282 seeds |
| Swiss chard · leaves | 71 seeds | 0 seeds | 71 seeds |
Mix: 906.1 L theoretical × 1 allowance = 906.1 L; minus 0 L owned = 906.1 L net. Buying 920 L leaves 13.9 L beyond the net requirement. Allowance is your choice; no fixed compaction loss is assumed.
Your full season
32 weeks, through harvest checks and bed clearing. Check off each week as you work.
01Prepare and begin2027-04-01 — 2027-04-07To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- Measure the usable space. Prepare 906.1 L of raised-bed growing mix before allowance. Lift remaining turnips and remove old roots. Re-mark larger chard cells rather than reusing the root spacing.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Direct sow. Grow spring or fall turnips, not rutabagas; steady moisture helps preserve root quality. Plant only when the seed packet and local weather conditions agree.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check emergence and thin. Thin early to marked positions and keep the surface open for seedlings. Thin toward 128 positions at 152 × 152 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
02Check, tend and act · week 22027-04-08 — 2027-04-14To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Direct sow. Grow spring or fall turnips, not rutabagas; steady moisture helps preserve root quality. Plant only when the seed packet and local weather conditions agree.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check emergence and thin. Thin early to marked positions and keep the surface open for seedlings. Thin toward 128 positions at 152 × 152 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
03Check, tend and act · week 32027-04-15 — 2027-04-21To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Direct sow. Grow spring or fall turnips, not rutabagas; steady moisture helps preserve root quality. Plant only when the seed packet and local weather conditions agree.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check emergence and thin. Thin early to marked positions and keep the surface open for seedlings. Thin toward 128 positions at 152 × 152 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
04Check, tend and act · week 42027-04-22 — 2027-04-28To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check emergence and thin. Thin early to marked positions and keep the surface open for seedlings. Thin toward 128 positions at 152 × 152 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
05Check, tend and act · week 52027-04-29 — 2027-05-05To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
06Check, tend and act · week 62027-05-06 — 2027-05-12To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
07Check, tend and act · week 72027-05-13 — 2027-05-19To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
08Check, tend and act · week 82027-05-20 — 2027-05-26To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
09Check, tend and act · week 92027-05-27 — 2027-06-02To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
10Check, tend and act · week 102027-06-03 — 2027-06-09To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
11Check, tend and act · week 112027-06-10 — 2027-06-16To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Check root shoulders and remove weeds gently; do not strip leaves from plants kept for roots. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
12Check, tend and act · week 122027-06-17 — 2027-06-23To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
13Check, tend and act · week 132027-06-24 — 2027-06-30To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Lift a sample at tender usable size, then harvest remaining roots before they become woody. The 45–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
14Check, tend and act · week 142027-07-01 — 2027-07-07To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- roots (Small-root turnips), batch 1: Clear and review the planting. Remove spent plants and check the soil before a successor starts. 14 harvest days and 3 clearing days are planning allowances; actual crop condition decides the changeover. Record actual harvests or losses. Keep healthy perennial clumps if you are not reusing their space; revise the next planting accordingly.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Direct sow. Plant when soil is workable and not waterlogged; follow packet temperature guidance. Clear the preceding crop completely first. Plant only when the seed packet and local weather conditions agree.
15Check, tend and act · week 152027-07-08 — 2027-07-14To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check emergence and thin. Thin multi-seed clusters to the selected target plants after true leaves develop. Thin toward 32 positions at 305 × 305 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
16Check, tend and act · week 162027-07-15 — 2027-07-21To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check emergence and thin. Thin multi-seed clusters to the selected target plants after true leaves develop. Thin toward 32 positions at 305 × 305 mm when true leaves appear. Keep stronger seedlings. Re-sow gaps only when temperatures and remaining season are suitable.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
17Check, tend and act · week 172027-07-22 — 2027-07-28To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
18Check, tend and act · week 182027-07-29 — 2027-08-04To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
19Check, tend and act · week 192027-08-05 — 2027-08-11To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
20Check, tend and act · week 202027-08-12 — 2027-08-18To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
21Check, tend and act · week 212027-08-19 — 2027-08-25To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
22Check, tend and act · week 222027-08-26 — 2027-09-01To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Tend the growing crop. Remove damaged outer leaves and check the base without burying the crown. Check moisture, surviving plants, weeds, support and visible crop stage; adjust to rain, heat and drainage.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
23Check, tend and act · week 232027-09-02 — 2027-09-08To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
24Check, tend and act · week 242027-09-09 — 2027-09-15To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
25Check, tend and act · week 252027-09-16 — 2027-09-22To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
26Check, tend and act · week 262027-09-23 — 2027-09-29To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
27Check, tend and act · week 272027-09-30 — 2027-10-06To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
28Check, tend and act · week 282027-10-07 — 2027-10-13To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
29Check, tend and act · week 292027-10-14 — 2027-10-20To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
30Check, tend and act · week 302027-10-21 — 2027-10-27To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
31Check, tend and act · week 312027-10-28 — 2027-11-03To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Check harvest readiness. Cut mature outer leaves at the base while leaving the growing center. The 40–60-day range begins at direct sowing; check the cultivar and actual crop. Record what is actually ready; this estimate is not a yield guarantee.
32Finish and review the season2027-11-04 — 2027-11-10To do
- Check moisture by touch in each active root zone; adjust watering to rain, heat and drainage. Containers may need checks between weekly visits.
- leaves (Swiss chard), batch 1: Clear and review the planting. Remove spent plants and check the soil before a successor starts. 56 harvest days and 7 clearing days are planning allowances; actual crop condition decides the changeover. Record actual harvests or losses. Keep healthy perennial clumps if you are not reusing their space; revise the next planting accordingly.
- Recount surviving plants before buying replacements. Check remaining seed, seedling and growing-mix inventory.
- Review harvest and crop-loss records, clear or retain plants as appropriate, and update remaining stock before planning the next season.
Assumptions and sources
- Spacing is for the selected compact planting method; follow your cultivar packet where it differs.
- Seed allowance and minimum root-space limits are planning choices, not germination or yield guarantees.
- Dates are preparation windows, not forecasts. Confirm soil temperature, weather and actual crop stage.
- First fall frost is a conservative planning boundary, including for hardy crops. Continuing beyond it needs suitable local guidance and protection.
- Harvest and clearing durations are planning allowances. A successor waits for the final preceding batch to clear; actual crop progress may move those dates.
Fall plans use a 14-day buffer beyond estimated maturity. Successors wait for the final preceding batch, including its harvest allowance and clearing period. The lifecycle shows those crop-specific windows; the zone must actually be empty. Minimum sun and root-space thresholds are planning limits, with cultivar and climate variation.
- UMN Extension: Growing turnips and rutabagasTurnips suit spring or fall; thin seedlings and harvest tender roots. Heat, oversized roots and water stress can reduce quality. Our 6-inch cells are for small-root turnips, not rutabagas. Accessed 2026-10-13.
- UMD Extension: Growing vegetables in containers and salad tablesSun exposure, drainage, growing media and crop-specific minimum volumes; our thresholds are conservative planning settings. Accessed 2026-10-13.
- UMN Extension: Planting the vegetable gardenCool and warm season establishment; weather and soil readiness matter. Minnesota month dates are not used as global dates. Accessed 2026-10-13.
- UMN Extension: Planting for fall harvestMaturity is a cultivar-dependent estimate; our extra 14-day fall buffer is an explicit planning assumption. Accessed 2026-10-13.
- UMD Extension: Growing Swiss chardLarge chard plants need 8–12 inch plant distance. We select 12 inches for leaves and stems. Accessed 2026-10-04.
Plan garden-39 · version 2 · calculation 2. Actual germination, harvest and local climate performance have not been field tested.
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